The Positive Side Of Life Without Baggage Or Drama Essay

Thanks for responding to my email I ve read your mail several times and just can t figure where to start with you as I m clearly not in this. Your mail carries so much negativity and at this point in my life, I m trying to look only at the positive side of life without baggage or drama. You should know there s no second time to make a first impression as your first impression matters a lot. How can you be talking of being real or fake when you haven t met me or read more than a couple lines from me. How can you harbour so much negativity inside of you and intend to start up a relationship on that note. We are two different people who just met on the Zoosk website and I have no way of ascertaining if you are real or not either but can t just jump in front of you and start asking questions like that. Is really a very big turn off. You should know from my profile that I m military and these kind of messages can easily be picked up and flagged by central command. I m risking everything to be on Zoosk just because I m hoping to find someone special. My signing up on Zoosk was at my own risk as I m risking my career, my life and my safety and would not take it lightly to the statement of being real or not. I will make this clear to you. Financially I m super ok and will never rely on anyone for anything. Everything I want I can get. I just choose whether or not I want it. I hope you are not thinking I want or would want anything from you during the period of gettingShow MoreRelatedMichael Gows Away3204 Words   |  13 Pagestent = average) Gwen, Jim and Meg – Gwen is head of the household (Caravan Park) Away is about reconciliation and the power of healing through love and compassion This play is about the experiences of a dying school boy, it is a celebration of life and the power to heal through gaining insight. 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Change Of Vegetation Stress On The Canterbury Plains

CHANGE OF VEGETATION STRESS ON THE CANTERBURY PLAINS DUE TO CHANGES IN FARMING PRACTICES Hamish Kingsbury, GEOG313, University of Canterbury CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 2 Methods 3 2.1 Data 3 2.2 Processing 4 2.3 Analysis 4 2.4 Validating 5 3 Results 6 4 Conclusion 8 4.1 Limitations 8 Appendix A 10 Appendix B 11 Appendix B Cont. 12 Appendix C 13 1 INTRODUCTION The Canterbury region is the second largest dairy producer in the country (Statistics New Zealand, n.d.). Over the period of 2007 to 2012, the region has seen an increase of 60,000 hectares of irrigated farm land (Hills, 2013) due to the conversion of beef, sheep and crop farms to water intensive dairy farming. There has also been an increase of 58% in the number of dairy farms and a 31% increase in the average herd size of dairy farms (Burns, 2013). For maximum production, sufficient irrigation is required for dairy farms (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2000). Therefore dairying requires at least ten times more water than other farming practices (Ward McKague, 2007). Over the summer months of December, January and February, this irrigation increase would represent a decrease in the amount of stressed vegetation in the study area. The study area is a 30km2 section of the Canterbury Plains, situated between the Waimakariri and Rakaia Rivers (Figure 2), to the west of Christchurch City. It falls within Path 74, Row 90 of Landsat’s reference system. The area encompasses a variety of land use

Magnanimity in the Iliad Analysis Essay Example For Students

Magnanimity in the Iliad Analysis Essay Strength, honor, and unconditional bravery are held dear to the Achaians and Trojans alike. Among those people, qualities that reveal leadership and might are highly regarded as indicative of a magnanimous human being. Yet, Agamemnon, Achilleus, and Hektor all perceive magnanimity in different ways, and each attempts to exude it as he understands it. Public recognition is a key element for one to be honored in Greek and Trojan societies, however, the three men differ in how dependent they are upon that recognition for complete satisfaction or happiness. Agamemnon is the definitive king who all too readily reminds his subalterns of their status. For Agamemnon, to be great-souled is to have utter control and command. His need for recognition from, and the fear of, other men is blatantly evident when he attempts to humble Achilleus, saying,I shall take the fair-cheeked Briseis,your prize, I myself going to your shelter, that you may learn well how much greater I am than you, and another man may shrink back from likening himself to me and contending against me. (64)For him nobility and worthiness can be measured materially. To be a prodigious leader in the eyes of his people, the Achaians, Agamemnon must attain material affluence that includes women as war prizes. Material want that develops into material greed springs from dissatisfaction with what one already possesses. Agamemnon simply desires more so that he may be seen as more powerful. It is in human nature to want to succeed or to feel accomplished. However, for Agamemnon that wi sh is granted only when he is publicly recognized and rewarded. He feels his place in the world is that of a plenipotentiary king, simply overseeing only the execution of his orders. In that sense, Agamemnons perception of magnanimity is distinctive because he feels he is owed respect simply by his being in the position of power. For instance, when speaking to his army, he says,There will be a mans sweat on the shield strap binding the breast to the shield hiding the mans shape, and the hand on the spear grow weary. There will be sweat on a mans horse straining at the smoothed chariot. But any man whom I find trying, apart from the battle,to hang back by the cured ships, for him no longerwill there be any means to escape the dogs and the vultures. (86)However, as Achilleus argues frequently, Agamemnon himself never joins in the actual battle, yet claims the rewards of victory for himself. In that way, the Achaian king seems almost a demagogue in choosing the extent of his responsibility to his people, instead of accepting all that being a leader encompasses. He will order the men into battle, yet will not lead them towards the enemy lest death await him on the battlefield. Achilleus of the swift feet, the doughty warrior of the Achaian army, has views of magnanimity conflicting with those of Agamemnon. Achilleus strives for honor based on personal satisfaction as the dominant factor in the degree of recognition or respect he is given. Self-respect permits one to be content on a deeper level than does the lack of self-respect allow for contentment on the part of those men who are merely adulated by others. He sees Agamemnon as a poltroon for lacking the passion to earn, at it were, the wealth he receives through the blood and sweat of his men. In fact, Achilleus goes so far as to call Agamemnon a king who feeds on his people. Criticizing his leader for his lacking presence on the battlefield, Achilleus exclaims,Never once have you taken courage in your heart to arm with your people for battle, or go into ambuscade with the best of the Achaians. No, for insuch things you see death. Far better to your mind is it, all along thewidespread host of the Achaia ns to take away the gift of any man whoFor Achilleus, lifes apogee will be his aristeia, or definitive moment in which all that is good and honorable in him will be utilized and then recognized. Only by enduring the trials and tribulations of a valiant warrior does Achilleus believe one can truly be magnanimous. Human will must be tested and given the opportunity to try an individuals virtues. Then, mediocrity can be overcome. .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a , .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .postImageUrl , .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a , .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:hover , .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:visited , .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:active { border:0!important; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:active , .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12917e7a4aee646f03052836f1cb913a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Speech: Education and New School Term EssayThen on the Trojan side, Hektor, scolding Paris for his cowardice in refusing to fight Menelaos, Hektor gives insight into his own idea of magnanimity. The greatness of his soul is in no way tertiary to that of Agamemnon and Achilleus. Hektor is most probably the most selfless character of the trio. He tells Paris that though he is handsome, Paris has no strength or courage in his heart. Hektor values recognition for his deeds; however, unlike Agamemnon and Achilleus, his magnanimity encompasses the love of his family as well as the love for his country. He attempts to explain to his wife his responsibility to fight in the war, sa ying, before the Trojans, and the Trojan women with trailing garments,if like a coward I were to shrink aside from the fighting;and the spirit will not let me, since I have learned to be valiantand to fight always among the foremost ranks of the Trojans,winning for own self great glory, and for my father. (165)Hektor seems more deferential to the entire notion of magnanimity in that he is careful of excessive desire for it. Selfishness or greed never play a part in Hektors character. Unlike Agamemnon and Achilleus, who both ruminate about the various ways in which to acquire power or revenge, Hektor is content with executing his duty as a Trojan warrior and prince in the hope that he will remain always as a father to his children and a husband to his wife. All three men are magnanimous. All exude power, respect, and honor. However, the degree of their honor measured either by public recognition, or by love of self, of by love of family differentiates each of the men from one another. Bibliography:The Iliad of Homer as translated by Richmond Lattimore

New Literary Criticism Literatures Literary Essay Example For Students

New Literary Criticism Literatures Literary Essay Criticism New Literary Criticism Seeking to bring new respect, new theories and philosophies to critical literary scholarship, New Criticism presented critics with a vernacular to isolate and discuss a unified structure of aesthetic quality and apply it to individual works of art. New Criticism is a process of interpretation, a method of reading a text, as much as it is a theoretical endeavor, though. New Critics look for patterns of symbols and metaphors that point toward an underlying sense of unity in form, rhythm, or structure; they expect a work of literature to hang together, to express stability, to cohere. Poetry.. . depends upon the set of relationships, the structure, which we call the poem (Penn Warren 990). The most difficult task of the New Critic is discovering and describing the thematic oppositions within a text which it attempts to transcend or resolve. Irony and ambiguity provide most potent forms of this contextual pressure. The most successful literature, therefore, struggles against the resistances of its own materials, its own structure, attempting to win through to clarity and passion (Brooks 805). Works Cited Brooks, Cleanth. Irony as a Principle of Structure The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martins Press, 1989. Penn Warren, Robert. Pure and Impure Poetry Selected Essays. New York: Vintage Books, 1958. .

Universe Essay Example For Students

Universe Essay It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireballan extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded. We will write a custom essay on Universe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e , .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .postImageUrl , .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e , .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:hover , .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:visited , .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:active { border:0!important; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:active , .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub62e6dcbc37224db8bba54b80f3a339e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Bank Of New York And Its History Essay For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The

CacheessayDemon Essay-Samples Issue - Homelessness And City Life

CacheessayDemon Essay-Samples Issue - Homelessness And City LifeThe cachedessaydemon.com essay-samplesissue-homelessness-essay is about the topic 'Homelessness and city life.' It includes essays from several experts on the subject.Several essays have been written by a research team that included Rick Smith, Andy Clark, Matthew Pitts, Terri Shapiro, and Monica Shaw. Most of them show how the city life has affected them personally, such as: Kevin Marquez, born in Colorado but raised in New York City. He went on to become a risk-taker, went to jail for robbery, and became homeless.Most CacheessayDemon.com essay-samplesissue-homelessness-essay is well-written and interesting. However, one of the essays is about homelessness in particular and it is: The City Of Gates to the West. The essay talks about another possible side effect of being homeless - access to drugs. What I found surprising was how completely absent this aspect of the city life is in the essay.The CacheessayDemon.com essay -samplesissue-homelessness-essay was intended for middle school students and teachers. It was not meant for those who may be attending college, or for those who are already in college and not much interested in learning more about cities and homelessness. Instead, the main focus was on middle school students.They say you have to look at things from the perspectives of people who are homeless, then you can see the problem from different perspectives. But it should be noted that most readers may have an idea what homelessnessis, but they still want to know more about it, and are more likely to pay attention to an essay that talks about what homelessness means for the writer personally.The essay-samplesissue-homelessness-essay is also a bit of a waste of time because the writer had to write it by taking on the viewpoint of someone who was already on the street. Of course, we all know what that means. It's just that it's a bit difficult to do. It's like watching a painting on the wall o f a room that is dark, you have to understand the person who made the painting to have done it.I hope you will consider the essay-samplesissue-homelessness-essay before purchasing or downloading this essay from CacheessayDemon.com. Please don't just go ahead and download it for free thinking that you are getting the best deal. If you believe that, then you probably already know what you're getting into. This essay is worth your money because it talks about what it's like to be homeless, and it shows that you can make a difference in the world.I wish I could tell you that there was some magic potion that made it easy to write, but the reality is that it's not. You can do it if you really want to, but it's going to take work. The CacheessayDemon.com essay-samplesissue-homelessness-essay should be taken with a grain of salt because the author didn't put his own work into the essay. Take the time to actually look into the situation and find out for yourself.

Intrusion Detection Systems Essays

Intrusion Detection Systems Essays Intrusion Detection Systems Paper Intrusion Detection Systems Paper Intrusion Detection Systems In 1980, James Anderson’s paper, Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance, bore the notion of intrusion detection. Through government funding and serious corporate interest allowed for intrusion detection systems(IDS) to develope into their current state. So what exactly is IDS? An IDS is used to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage through attack signatures. The IDS watches for attacks not only from incoming internet traffic but also for attacks that originate in the system. When a potential attack is detected the IDS logs the information and sends an alert to the console. How the alert is detected and handled at is dependent on the type of IDS in place. Through this paper we will discuss the different types of IDS and how they detect and handle the alerts, the difference between a passive and a reactive system and some general IDS intrusion invasion techniques. First lets go over what the difference is between a passive and a reactive IDS. In a passive IDS the sensor of detects an potential threat then logs the information and sends an alert to the console. With a reactive IDS, also known as an intrusion prevention system(IPS), the threat would be detected and logged. Then the reactive IDS would either reset the connection or reprogram the firewall to block network traffic from the suspected source, which could be automatic or at the control of an operator. Therefore a reactive system will act in response to the threat were as a passive system will only log and send an alert to the console informing the operator of a threat. There are many types of intrusion detection systems, network intrusion detection, host based, protocol based, application protocol based, anomaly based and hybrid. The first one we are going to discus is network intrusion detection systems or NIDS. With NIDS the system attempts to detect threats and attacks, such as denial of service attacks, port scans and attempts to hack into computers by monitoring the network traffic in real time through a promiscuous connection. It does so by first filtering out all known non-malicious traffic and then analyzing the remaining incoming packets for suspicious patterns that could be threats. It is not however limited to just analyzing incoming packets, the system also analyzes the outgoing local traffic, in case of an attack/threat that originates inside of the local network. Snort is an example of this. Host based intrusion detection systems unlike network intrusion detection systems, which focus on a computing system’s external interfaces, host based systems focus on the monitoring and examination of the computing system’s internals. Host based systems are more concerned with the changes in state of a computing system. It detects these changes by analyzing system specific logs either in real time or periodically. When there is any change in the logs the IDS will compare the current configuration of the security policy to the changes and react accordingly. An example of this would be tripwire. Protocol based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the protocol. In a typical setup there is a system or agent sitting at the front end of the server. This agent or system monitors the communication protocol between the computing system, it is trying to protect, and a connected device. The main goal of protocol based IDS is to impose the proper use of the protocol used between the protected computing system and all connected devices. Bro and sort are examples of protocol based intrusion detection systems. Application protocol based intrusion detection systems (APIDS) are used to monitor the protocols specific to certain applications and protocols being used by the computing system. The typical setup, similar to protocol based IDS, consists of a system or agent that sits in front of a group of servers where it will monitor and analyze the communication protocols specific to applications. An example would be to have an APIDS between a web server and a database system where the APIDS monitors the SQL protocol being used between them. Anomaly based intrusion detection systems detect attacks and threats through the monitoring of system activity and classifying it based on heuristic or rules instead of patterns and signatures. The IDS classifies activity as either normal or anomalous based on its analysis. Since the classification is determined by heuristic or rules it has a significant advantage over systems that use signatures. In signature based detection the signature has to have been previously created where in anomaly based any type of use that doesn’t coincide with the normal use of the system will be detected malicious or not. Snort is an example of this type of system. Hybrid intrusion detection systems consist of a combination of one or more approaches to intrusion detection systems. Typically you would use a host based IDS and a network IDS to develop an extensive overview of the entire network. The biggest benefit that a hybrid IDS has over any single type of IDS is the large amount of sensors it has to detect malicious activity. Prelude is an example of an hybrid IDS. As with any other type of security device there will always be some one looking for holes in the fence. Intrusion detection systems are no different. Through many intrusion invasion techniques people are able to avoid detection by changing the states of the IDS and the targeted computing system by manipulating the attack or the network traffic that contains the attack. Some of the techniques we will cover in this paper are obfuscating attack payload fragmentation and small packets, overlapping fragments, protocol violations, inserting traffic at the IDS, denial of service. Obfuscating attack payload is simply what it means, which is to encode the attack so that the IDS will be unable to reverse the packets but the target computer can. A way to do this is through encoding attack packets with a Unicode character in which an IDS recognize but an IIS server will be able decode thus being attacked. You can also use polymorphic code in so that you can trick signature-based IDSs by creating unique attack patterns so there is not a distinct attack signature that can be easily detected. Another technique used to evade IDS is through fragmentation and small packets. With this technique you simply just split the packets up into smaller packets or create packets with a small payload also known as ‘session splicing’. Although small packets alone, will not be enough to evade an IDS with a packet reassembler. Hope is not lost though you can still modify the packets to complicate reassembly. One way to confuse the reassembler is to pause between sending parts of the attack in hope that the reassembler will time out but not the target computer. Another way is to send the packets out of order so that the reasssembler gets confused but the target computer does not. An IDS evasion technique, known as overlapping fragments, uses TCP sequence numbers to confuse the IDS. It basically creates a series of packets with TCP sequence numbers configured to overlap. So for example you send the first packet that includes 80 bytes you then send the second packet with a sequence number of 76 bytes after the start of the first packet. The target computer, when it tries to reassemble the TCP stream, has to decide how to handle the 4 bytes that overlapping. Some systems take it from the older data and some from the newer data, it is dependent on the operating system of the target computer. Protocol violations are another technique of IDS intrusion invasion. Using protocol violations you simply exploit known violations to a protocol that will be interpreted differently by the IDS than by the target computer. An example of this would be to use the TCP Urgent Pointer that is handled differently by different operating systems and the IDS may not handle it correctly. Another evasion technique is inserting traffic at the IDS. This is where you send packets that the IDS will see but the target computer will not. This is accomplished by simply crafting packets whose time to live fields have been configured to reach the IDS but not the target computer. This creates a situation where the IDS is in a different state than the target computer. Denial of service attacks or DoS attacks, are used to evade detection by overloading and disabling the IDS. To achieve this the attack will exploit a known bug in the IDS using up computational resources needed by the IDS. This can also be accomplished by intentional generating a large number of alerts to set up a front to hide the real attack. Utilities such as stick and snot are designed to send a large amount of attack signatures across a network to spawn a large number of IDS alerts. However this will only work on IDSs that do not maintain application protocol context. As you can see with the numerous ways around intrusion detection systems, as with any network security system, there is no complete security solution. Even with this there will always be a need for intrusion detection systems. The best of which would be a combination of network and host based IDSs, in other words a hybrid IDS. These will give you the benefits of both worlds of IDS and allow for greater security. Whatever your opinion on which solution is right for you, intrusion detection systems are here to stay and are a valuable tool in network security. Resources securityfocus. com/infocus/1514